After the COVID-19 pandemic prompted an 18-month delay in routine animal care evaluations under FARM Version 4.0, implementation has been under way for a year
Genetic selection for improved hoof health is one opportunity to reduce lameness, which affects about 50% of dairy cows and results in economic losses, poor health, and suboptimal animal welfare
It was once common practice to treat nearly every fresh cow with a bottle of calcium intravenously (IV) to ward off milk fever, or clinical hypocalcemia